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I 2 Sh M. E. A. w. EVARD. gets Cooking Stove.

Patented April 7, 1868.

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Letters Patent No. 76,315. dated April 7, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN COOKING-MOVES.

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.ro ALL winourr MAY CONCERN: Be it known that I, MARY E. A. W. EV-ARD, of Leeshnrg, London county, State of Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cooking-Stoves; and .I do hereby declare the following to be it full,

clear, and'e'xaict description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings which form part of this specification My invention relates, first, to the provision of movable partitions, by means of which the oven may'at will be divided'and subdivided, so as to embrace any desired number of separate apartments, the ridges and cleats cast-on the plates for their support imparting the necessary strength and rigidity to said plates, and thus obviating the necessity of separate strengthening-ribs on the flue-surfaces. It also'relates to the employment of novel devices for distributing fresh air in the fines of'the stove, to clfect theconsumption of the gaseous products evolved from the fuel. It also relates to a method of constructing the fire-box,.\vhereby the upper portion of the fuel iskept in an active state of combustiomnhile the lower portion is burned with comparative slowness. It also relates to the provision ofa movable shelf, to be supported on the frontdoors of the stove when opened, and to contain smoothing-irons, or whatever it may be desirable to keep warm by proximity with the fire. .It also relates to the employment of a supplemental heater, having a heat-regulating damper, and mounted, when desired, upon one of the boiling-holes in the top plate,'and serving to support kettles, boilers, cotie epots, $60., whose'contents are thus maintained'at any desired temperature. I

Figure 1 is a plan of acookingstove illustrating my invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the'same on the line :0 9:.-

Figure 3 is a front end elevation of the same.

Figure 4 is a vertical transverse section on the line 1/ y, fig. 1,- and Figure 5 is a vertical transverse section of the same on the line 2 z.

In the drawings, A is the'fire-box, and B the ash-pit of the stove, both of which project backward into a niche in the front part of the oven, C C, as shown in fig. 9. The even is surmounted by continuous fines, which are separate throughout their length and height-by the continuous central partition I) D, shown-in figs. 1, Z, and 4:. This partition D serves toform two independent fines, E E, extending each continuously around the oven longitudinally. The. even is ins'like manner divided longitudinally by the central partition, F, into the compartments 0 C, respectively, and in fig, 2 the partition F is represented as broken away to expose the compartm ent C, the apartment 0 being nearest the spectator.- Thejlue E belongs to and conveys the heat around the compartment 0, while the flue E pertains likewise to the apartment g By means of the dampers G G the heat may be confined to either compartment of the oven, as divided by the partitions D F in the manner above described, and by means of the partition the fuel and fire may be confined in one side of the fire-box to correspond with the compartment of theoven which may be in use. The partition F is fitted to slide-in the grooves in the ridges a c,cast on the top and bottom plates of the'oven, and is by said ridges held in position when in use. The even may be subdivided by means of the vertical andehorizontal partitions F F, supported respectively by grooved ridges, f,.and ledges,f f as represented in fig. P. In this way. the entire oven may be converted into small apartments, wherein articles may be cooked separately without being affected by the flavor of other substances. These several 'coinpartments also enable different articles to be subjected to a degree of heat best adaptedto the occasion, as they are respectively heated to an extent depending upon their location relatively to the fire and (lace. The partitions F F are inserted and withdrawn through the main doors C C of the oven, and'the partition F through an oblong opening, I, at the rear of the StC-VC.--

A slide, J, is employed to close the opening I when the partition -F is not in use, in which case th dampers G G" may be opened, so as to give the heat accessto both the dues E E. The partition H is of course then removed, and the fuel disposed throughout the fire-box, as usual. The dampers K K serve to confine the heat to the top of the ovenwvhen desired. The dampers L L serve to cause the heat, after traversing thetop of the oven, to return to the front,and traverse the front, bottom, and rear portion of the flue before escaping at the discharge-pipe M.

N N are feraminated air-distributors, the same being simply metallic cylinders situated in the upper part of theflues E E, on opposite sides of the partition D, and in equal proximity to the fire-box A. These cylindrical distributers are provided at the top with flaring mouths, which are seated in the top plate of the stove,

. so as to suitably secure the distribu ers in position. The tops of the distribnters are provided with stationary circular plates or covers, n, which have perforations, adapted to register with corresponding perforations in the inovabledisks n, which rest upon the covers 71.. By turning the disksn into one position, air from outside the stove will be admitted to the stove-fines through the cylinders N, and by turning said disks into their other position the air will be excluded. If desired, the *air may by this means he admitted to one of the upper fines and excluded from the other. The object in admitting atmospheric air to the fiues is to bring oxygen into contact with the heated gases evolved from the fuel, and cause them to be morecompletely burned.

By thus effecting the combustion of the gases which'pass from the fire, I am enabled to effectually consume the same, and thereby add materially to the heat heretofore obtained from a given amount of fuel in cookingstoves. The disks n, or suitable substitutes therefor, may also be made to regulate or vary the quantity of air admitted. v

The construction of the fire-box A is clearly shown in figs. 1 and 2. The lower horizontal grate-bars a do not, as usual, extend to the back of the fire-box, but terminate considerably in advance of the back. That part of the bottom of the fire-box behind the line, whereon the lower grate-bars terminate,'is occupied by the horizontal plate A, the back and end plates of the-fire-bcX being protected by the replaceable plates A and A A respectively. In like manner the series of grate-bars does not eutend to the ends of the fire-box, and the spaces between the respective ends of the fire-box and the adjacent termini of the series of grate-bar are occupied by the plates A. A considerable portion of the fuel rests upon the plates A A, and as there is no provision for the draught directly upward through this fuel, the draught entering at the forward part of the firebox is compelled to pass in an obliquelyup\vard direction toward the upper fiues E E. This obliquely-upward draught subjects the upper portion of the fuel to the most active combustion, the lower portion being exposed to a slower but not less effective combustion. This means for burning the fuel at top serves also as a protection to the ends and back of the fire-box,by reason of the fact that these parts are not subjected to intense heat, and the use of fire-bricks is rendered unnecessary; yet they may be employed if preferred.

O O are the hinged doors, which close the front of the fire-box. These doors, when opened, maybe held in parallel planes, as shown in figs. 1 and 3, by means of the latches 0 a, to adapt said doors to support a movable shelf, 0, for which purpose the doors 0 O are provided on their inner surfaces with ledges, flanges, grooves, or brackets at o. The shelf 0 serves to support within warming distance of the fire such things as it may be desirable to preserve in a heated condition without placing them upon the stove, as smoothing-irons, victnals, 850. The draught-registers at 0 in the front doors 0, are located near the top of said doors, to correspond with the location of the principal bulk of the incandescent fuel in the upper part of the fire-box, as before explained.

P is a tubular supplemental heater, having its lower end fitted to the central boiling or pot-hole, P. The heater P may be cast in either of the forms shown in the drawing, or in any other suitable form. It is only necessary to state that it is atube or hollow cylinder, open at both ends, and adapted to receive heat from one or both of the upper fines E E. It is provided with a damper, P When mounted upon the stove, so as to cover the hole P, as shown, the heater P is used to support acoifee-pot or other vessel, containing whatever is to be kept warm. The heat, having access through P to the vessel supported thereon, may be regulated as desired by means of the damper P Doors Q Q, in the front of the stove below the hearth, aiford access to the lower fines of the stove to enablev the same to be cleaned out and admit cool air when ncedfnl. The small doors C afford access to the oven when desired, without opening the main doors C The ends of the fire-box are also provided with doors, C through which wood, when used as fuel, may be supplied. When wood is used as fuel, the internal end-plates of the fire-box are of course removed from the stove.

The oven may be made so as to constitute a shell, independent of and movable into and out of the main external shell of the stove. The ridges or ledges for the support of the partitions within the oven serve to strengthen the plates thereof, and said ridges obviate the casting of strengthening-ribs on the outer surfaces of the oven'plates, and hence the flue-surfaces are left smooth, so that they may be readily cleaned.

Having-described my invention, the following is what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. I claim the plate A, employed in conjunction with the grate-bars a to form the bottom of the fire-box, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. I claim the movable shelf 0, adapted to be supported upon the front doors 0, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. I claim the removable supplemental heater P, provided with a damper, P and employed in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

4. The foraminated air-distributers N, when provided with registers n at, and constructed and arranged substantially. as and for the purpose described. 4

5. The grooved ridges e andf, cast on the top and bottom plates of the oven, serving to impart strength and rigidity to said plates, (without obstructing the fiues,) and also to guide and support removable partitions.

F F for-dividing fhe'ovnintp a plurality f compartments, substantially as described, in combination with the opefiing L in the r ea.r of theuven.

. M- ELA. W. EVARD. Witnesses:

GEO. R. HEAD, R. I. Q'THOMPSO 

